What share of households lives in a pucca house, with walls and roof of permanent materials like brick, concrete or stone. The standard Indian measure of housing quality.
higher is better
vs all communities: +0.3pp ahead
Explore the interactive chart, with breakdowns by electricity and urban vs rural →
| Community | Latest value |
|---|---|
| Muslim | 83.6% |
| Hindu | 83.3% |
| Sikh | 97.0% |
| Christian | 79.4% |
| All communities | 83.3% |
Share of households with electricity for domestic use, from the same NSS 76th round survey as the pucca-housing chart. Near-universal by 2018 and close to parity: Muslim households at 96.6% against Hindu 95.4% and all-India 95.7%, the small Muslim edge riding on the community's higher urban share.
| Community | Overall | Urban | Rural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muslim | 96.6% | 98.8% | 95.2% |
| Sikh | 99.7% | 100.0% | 99.6% |
| Christian | 97.5% | 99.2% | 96.5% |
| Hindu | 95.4% | 99.2% | 93.6% |
| All communities | 95.7% | 99.1% | 93.9% |
From microdata Reproduce this view. This figure is recomputed from the unit-level survey microdata, the raw NSS or PLFS records behind the linked source. Source: NSS 76th 1.2 (2018). Each value is computed from the data file; every row records its own source and method.
| Community | Urban | Rural |
|---|---|---|
| Muslim | 95.7% | 75.9% |
| Christian | 92.6% | 71.1% |
| Hindu | 96.2% | 76.8% |
| Sikh | 99.4% | 96.0% |
| All communities | 96.0% | 76.7% |
From microdata Reproduce this view. This figure is recomputed from the unit-level survey microdata, the raw NSS or PLFS records behind the linked source. Source: NSS 76th 1.2 (2018). Each value is computed from the data file; every row records its own source and method.
About 84% of Muslim households lived in a pucca, permanent-material home in 2018, essentially the same as Hindus at 83%. On the basic quality of the roof over their heads the two communities are level, another amenity where the usual gap does not appear.
The chart compares the share of households in a pucca (permanent-material) home across communities for 2018; higher is better. The Electricity tab carries a closely related amenity, and Urban vs rural splits the rate by place, where pucca housing is near-universal in towns.
A pucca home of brick or concrete withstands monsoon, heat and fire far better than a kutcha one of mud or thatch, and is the base for everything from health to a child's place to study. It is the most basic marker of housing security.
At parity
Muslim 83.6% vs Hindu 83.3% in 2018, about level. On housing structure Muslims and Hindus are level, and both sit near the national average; the gaps in this cluster are between town and village, not between communities.
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